nvestigating the effect of Cartesian and Kantian subjectivism on the secularization of science
Document Type : Original Article
Abstract
Among the different areas of secularism, the secularization of science is one of the most important and neglected. The main problem of this article is to show the effect of subjectivism (especially in its Cartesian and Kantian reading) in the secularization of science. In this research, which is organized by descriptive and analytical method, it becomes clear that subjectivism is one of the most basic foundations that shape the new metaphysics, which has influenced the foundations and problems of modern science. Although subjectivism was proposed by Descartes with the motive of opposing skepticism, it plunged mankind into a more complex skepticism and made many scientists despair of achieving reality itself. Based on this attitude, sacred and moral concepts are considered subjective and the connection of sciences with their metaphysical foundations such as belief in the existence of God, the purpose of the world, causal necessity, etc. is separated. Subjectivism later became the main foundation of humanism, self-based rationality and denial of the authority of religion. Each of these results in some way justified the abandonment of metaphysical and revelation principles for the thinkers of the new West. Logically, this view has serious epistemological defects, and functionally, it has had unfortunate consequences in modern science.
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