Transition from self-knowledge to knowledge of others from the viewpoint of Suhrawardi and Descartes

While belonging to two different intellectual cultures and adopting different philosophical principles Suhrawardi and Descartes emphasize the role of self-knowledge in acquiring knowledge. In Descartes' philosophy, Cogito, ergo sum is considered as the basis of knowledge, from which the knowledge of other levels of Being, such as God and the world, are deduced. In Suhrawardi's philosophy, the human soul is a light of divine lights, which in the light of self-knowledge can apprehend the superior lights, the light of lights and material things. Of course, Suhrawardi and Descartes pay attention to the issue of soul and self-knowledge from two different viewpoints. Suhrawardi deals with this issue from the viewpoint of intuitive knowledge and Descartes from the rational-reasoning viewpoint. Now, according to this introduction, important issues arise: What is the difference between Suhrawardi's and Descartes' viewpoints on self-knowledge? How do the different viewpoints of these two philosophers on the issue of self-knowledge affect their views on other knowledge? This article, with a descriptive-analytical method, tries to explain how the different perceptions of Suhrawardi and Descartes about the human soul and self-knowledge cause these two philosophers to have a different view of the way to pass from self-knowledge to the knowledge of others.