An Analytical Study of the Essentialist and convertionalist Approaches to the Attribution of Disclosure to Knowledge

Someone who is aware of his lack of direct access to a large part of the world - the outside world - and at the same time cannot consider himself absolutely deprived of access to that world is seeking to find a medium for access - even if indirect - to the outside world. Science plays the role of that medium; the idea of ​​science mediating access to the outside world, based on the characteristic of discovery - narration and representation - is not new, but explaining how science is attributed the characteristic of discovery is one of the questions that has found its way into Islamic thought in the last two centuries. Discovery is sometimes considered an intrinsic characteristic of science, and sometimes a credit characteristic. After showing the foundation of the idea of ​​discovery and explaining how science is characterized by intrinsic discovery and credit discovery, this research has examined the challenges facing each of those two approaches and ultimately proved that discovery is neither an essential part of science nor has it been credited to science out of necessity and urgency, but rather is a characteristic whose negation of science does not lead to either "negation of science" or "negation of realism."