The Requirement of Property Dualism on Substance Dualism Based on the Analysis of Time-Space Extension

In the contemporary era, one of the perspectives that has gained prevalence in the philosophy of mind is property dualism.Property dualism is a view that holds that there are not two types of substance but two types of properties, and that these two types of properties arise from a physical substance. In this article, a philosophical analysis of the concept of extension shows that the defenders of the dualism of property cannot either accept the causality of physical substance for non-physical properties or consider physical substance as the object and location of properties.This argument is grounded in the analysis of spatial and temporal extension, as well as the distinction between a spatially located entity and an entity to which location is ascribed. Consequently, they must either embrace substance dualism and abandon substance monism, or ascribe a physical aspect to properties such as consciousness thereby ceasing to regard their ontological kind as distinct from the base level; however, the latter option contradicts rational argument and the constitutive understanding of human beings.